Compiled by Jim Green
jim.green@foe.org.au
0417 318 368

1. AUSTRALIAN 'DEEP CUTS' STUDIES
2. OTHER AUSTRALIAN LITERATURE
3. INTERNATIONAL 'DEEP CUTS' STUDIES
4. OTHER INTERNATIONAL LITERATURE

1. AUSTRALIAN 'DEEP CUTS' STUDIES

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Economics Report: Climate Leadership an Affordable Investment
http://www.climateinstitute.org.au//index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=130&Itemid=1

The report by policy experts from CSIRO, The Climate Institute, Monash University and McLennan Magasanik Associates examined a range of scenarios to explore the relative costs of Australia free riding and following other industrialised countries in the global efforts to avoid dangerous climate change versus Australia taking a leadership position. This leadership position, illustrated by the country going carbon neutral by 2050. The analysis didn’t factor in the climate change impact costs of inaction which The Stern Review have been estimated to be between 5-20% of global economic activity in 2100. The report shows that if Australia reversed its rising pollution by 2012, reduced emissions by 20% by 2020 and became carbon neutral by 2050 that:
* Australian economic activity is projected to increase from less than $1 trillion now to around $3 trillion by 2050. To 2050, the economy grows at 2.8% annually versus 2.9% annually with no action on climate change (i.e a 0.1% annual reduction in GDP growth).
* Employment increases from 9.7 to 16.7 million jobs by 2050.
* Long term impacts on energy prices and affordability are manageable with average energy consumer bundle (electricity, petrol and gas) falling from 6% of average income today to 4% by 2050. (While electricity, petrol and gas prices increase this is more than offset by increases in real income.)
The report concludes that, “making very substantial reductions in Australia’s net greenhouse emissions is affordable, and compatible with continuing growth in incomes, employment and living standards.”
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Renewable Energy Generators of Australia.
Renewable Energy – a contribution to Australia's Environmental and Economic Sustainability: Cheaper and cleaner well into the future
Executive summary: www.rega.com.au/Documents/Publications/J1281%20Final%20Report%20V3%20Exec%20Summary.pdf
Full report: www.rega.com.au/Documents/Publications/J1281%20Final%20Report%20V3.pdf
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Beyond Zero Emissions - scoping document discussing a fast conversion to a near zero emissions stationary energy sector for Victoria.
beyondzeroemissions.org/zero-emission-stationary-energy
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Review of 'deep cuts' studies : chapter 13 in Saddler, Hugh, Richard Denniss and Mark Diesendorf, 2004, "A Clean Energy Future for Australia", Report for the Clean Energy Future Group, wwf.org.au/ourwork/climatechange/cleanenergyfuture.
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Clean Energy Future for Australia - national & state studies: wwf.org.au/ourwork/climatechange/cleanenergyfuture
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Turton Hal, Jinlong Ma, Hugh Saddler and Clive Hamilton, October 2002, " Long-Term Greenhouse Gas Scenarios: A pilot study of how Australia can achieve deep cuts in emissions" , Discussion Paper No. 48, The Australia Institute, Canberra. Summary at: www.tai.org.au/WhatsNew_Files/WhatsNew/DP48sum.pdf.
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The Australian Business Roundtable on Climate Change
www.acfonline.org.au/articles/news.asp?news_id=755
The Australian Business Roundtable on Climate Change has released a report which shows significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions can be achieved at an affordable cost to the Australian economy.
Related Resources:
* BLRT: The Business Case For Early Action report www.acfonline.org.au/uploads/res_BLRT_BusinessCase.pdf
* BLRT: Allen Consulting report www.acfonline.org.au/uploads/res_BLRT_AllensReport.pdf
* BLRT: Factsheet www.acfonline.org.au/uploads/res_BLRT_factsheet.pdf
* BLRT: CEOs’ statements www.acfonline.org.au/uploads/res_BLRT_CEOs_statement.pdf
* BLRT: CSIRO report www.acfonline.org.au/uploads/res_BLRT_CSIROReport.pdf
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2. OTHER AUSTRALIAN LITERATURE

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Clean Energy Council <cleanenergycouncil.org.au/index.php>
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Growing the Green Collar Economy identifies the employment impact of action to cut greenhouse gas emissions in Australia and examines the skills, training and workforce implications. The CSIRO analysis is based on the latest economic modelling and is released by ACF and the Dusseldorp Skills Forum (DSF). Using two different economic models, CSIRO found:
• If Australia takes significant action to cut greenhouse gas emissions national employment will still increase by between 2.6 and 3.3 million over the next two decades.
• Jobs in sectors that generate a lot of greenhouse pollution – like transport, construction, agriculture, manufacturing and mining – are still forecast to grow strongly in the next decade.
• In these high environmental impact industries 3.25 million workers will need to be equipped with new, more sustainable skills.
Download the report at
<www.acfonline.org.au/articles/news.asp?news_id=1796&preview=yes#related_resources>
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Wind Farms: The facts and the fallacies,  Andrew Macintosh  and  Christian Downie, Australia Institute, Discussion Paper Number 91, October 2006,
<www.tai.org.au/documents/downloads/DP91.pdf>
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Hung out to dry: Federal neglect of renewable energy research and development in Australia

A report by Greenpeace Australia Pacific, September 2007
<www.greenpeace.org/australia/resources/reports/climate-change/hung-out-to-dry-federal-negle> or direct download:        <www.greenpeace.org/raw/content/australia/resources/reports/climate-change/hung-out-to-dry-federal-negle.pdf>
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Alternative Technology Association <www.ata.org.au>
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ANZ Solar Energy Society <www.anzses.org>
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Centre for Energy and Environmental Markets , www.ceem.unsw.edu.au, see esp. Publications: <www.ceem.unsw.edu.au/content/Pubs.cfm?ss=1>.
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Energy Strategies (Dr. Hugh Saddler et al.) www.enerstrat.com.au
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National Framework for Energy Efficiency www.nfee.gov.au/home.jsp?xcid=48
* November 2003 paper, Towards a National Framework for Energy Efficiency - Issues and Challenges, www.nfee.gov.au/about_nfee.jsp?xcid=64.
* numerous reports at www.nfee.gov.au/default.jsp?xcid=41
* web links at www.nfee.gov.au/links.jsp?xcid=42
* NFEE implementation committee info for these sectors - Buildings - Commercial and Industrial - Appliances and Equipment - Government - Trade and Professional Training and Accreditation - Consumer Information - Finance - www.nfee.gov.au/implementation_committees.jsp?xcid=69
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WWF Australia et al., May 2006, report showing the electricity sector could reduce emissions by 40% by 2030 at modest cost: www.wwf.org.au/news/reducing-greenhouse-gas-emissions-is-affordable-and-achievable
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Naughten B., P. Pakravan , J. Dlugosz J., and A. Dickson, 1994, " Reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from the Australian energy system : a report on modelling experiments using ABARE's MENSA model", Canberra: ABARE.
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Climate Action Network of Australia, n.d., "Australia's Climate Change Strategy: The Real Way Forward", www.cana.net.au/documents/real_way_forward.pdf.
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ACF renewable energy factsheets
www.acfonline.org.au/default.asp?section_id=36
Renewable Energy – An Overview www.acfonline.org.au/uploads/res_Renewable.pdf
Renewable Energy: Bioenergy www.acfonline.org.au/uploads/res_Bioenergy.pdf
Renewable Energy: Solar Electricity www.acfonline.org.au/uploads/res_Photovoltaics.pdf
Renewable Energy: Wind Power www.acfonline.org.au/uploads/res_Wind.pdf
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Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions Without Nuclear Power, chapter 6 in Nuclear Power: No Solution to Climate Change, available at: <www.melbourne.foe.org.au/documents.htm>.
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Seeking Sustainable Solutions to Climate Change
Joel Catchlove, Friends of the Earth Adelaide, April 2006 <www.geocities.com/olympicdam/renewables.html>
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Business Council for Sustainable Energy report
Australian Photovoltaic Industry Roadmap <www.bcse.org.au/docs/Publications_Reports/PV%20Roadmap-web.pdf>
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3. INTERNATIONAL 'DEEP CUTS' STUDIES

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Carbon-Free and Nuclear-Free
by Arjun Makhijani, Ph.D.
A joint project of the Nuclear Policy Research Institute and the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research
<www.ieer.org/carbonfree>
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WWF, 2007, "Climate Solutions: WWF’s vision for 2050"
Climate Solutions is the report of WWF’s Energy Taskforce which was set up in December 2005. More than 100 scientists and experts contributed their knowledge. The findings showed, with a high degree of probability (i.e. greater than 90 per cent), that known energy sources and proven technologies could be harnessed between now and 2050 to meet a projected doubling in global demand for energy while at the same time achieving the necessary significant drop (about 60-80 per cent) in carbon dioxide emissions to prevent dangerous climate change. The report identifies six key solutions to the problem of meeting global energy demand without damaging the global climate: Improving energy efficiency; Stopping forest loss; Accelerating the development of low-emissions technologies; Developing flexible fuels; Replacing high-carbon coal with low-carbon gas; Equipping fossil-fuel plants with carbon capture and storage technology.
To download the report:
* use the link from: http://www.panda.org/about_wwf/where_we_work/europe/news/index.cfm?uNewsID=102560
* or direct download: http://assets.panda.org/downloads/climatesolutionweb.pdf

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European Renewable Energy Council (EREC) and Greenpeace International, January 2007, "Energy [R]evolution: A sustainable World Energy Outlook" , <www.energyblueprint.info>. Blueprint for cutting global CO2 emissions by almost 50% within the next 43 years, whilst providing a secure and affordable energy supply and maintaining steady worldwide economic development. By dividing the world into 10 regions, with a global summary, it explains how existing energy technologies can be applied in more efficient ways. It demonstrates how a ‘business as usual’ scenario, based on IEA’s World Energy Outlook projections, is not an option for environmental, economic and security of supply reasons. The report was developed in conjunction with specialists from the Institute of Technical Thermodynamics at the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) and more than 30 scientists and engineers from universities, institutes and the renewable energy industry around the world.
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Futu[r]e Investment
July 2007
This is a follow-up [r]eport from Greenpeace and EREC
www.greenpeace.org/international/press/reports/future-investment
By shifting global investments to renewable energy (including solar, wind, hydro, geothermal and bio energy), within the next 23 years, and away from dirty and dangerous coal and nuclear power, we can save a massive US$180 billion a year. So we face a simple but crucial choice: we can either invest in over 10,000 new polluting coal and gas power plants, which would double fuel costs and increase C02 emissions by more than 50 percent. Or we can choose a safe renewable energy future, producing 70 percent of the world’s electricity from our planet’s natural resources.  By doing this we would not only save money but also cut CO2 emissions from the electricity sector in half by 2030.
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Bailie A., S. Bernow, B. Castelli, P. O'Connor, and J. Romm, April 2003, "The Path to Carbon Dioxide-Free Power: Switching to Clean Energy in the Utility Sector ", a study by Tellus Institute and Center for Energy and Climate Solutions for World Wildlife Fund, USA, worldwildlife.org/climate/projects/powerSwitch.cfm.
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Bailie, Alison, Stephen Bernow, William Dougherty, Michael Lazarus and Sivan Kartha, July 2001, "The American Way to the Kyoto Protocol: An Economic Analysis to Reduce Carbon Pollution ", report by Tellus Institute and Stockholm Environment Institute – Boston Center, for World Wildlife Fund, www.panda.org/downloads/climate_change/usreport.doc.
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Department of Trade and Industry (UK), 2003, " Our Energy Future – Creating a Low Carbon Economy ", Energy White Paper, Version 11, www.dti.gov.uk/energy/whitepaper.
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Friends of the Earth (UK), September 2002, " Tackling climate change without nuclear power: A report detailing how climate targets in the power sector can be met without replacing existing nuclear capacity", www.foe.co.uk/campaigns/climate/resource/general_readers.html#nuclear_power.
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Hansen, J., M. Sato, R. Ruedy, A. Lacis and V. Oinas., 2000, " Global warming in the twenty-first century: An alternative scenario ", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 97, pp.9875–9880.
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Harmelink, M., W. Graus, K. Blok, and M. Voogt, 2003, " Low Carbon Electricity Systems: Methodology & Results for the EU ", report by Ecofys for World Wide Fund for Nature.
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Interlaboratory Working Group on Energy-Efficient and Clean-Energy Technologies (USA), November 2000, " Scenarios for a Clean Energy Future" , Prepared for Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy, www.ornl.gov/sci/eere/cef.
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Mintzer, Irving, J. Amber Leonard, Peter Schwartz, July 2003, " U.S. Energy Scenarios for the 21st Century" , prepared for the Pew Center on Global Climate Change, www.pewclimate.org/global-warming-in-depth/all_reports/energy_scenarios/index.cfm.
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Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution (UK), 2000, "Energy – The Changing Climate", www.rcep.org.uk/energy.htm.
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Torrie, Ralph, Richard Parfett and Paul Steenhof, October 2002, " Kyoto and Beyond: The low-emission path to innovation and efficiency ", prepared by Torrie Smith Associates for the David Suzuki Foundation and the Canadian Climate Action Network Canada. www.davidsuzuki.org/publications/climate_change_reports or to download directly: www.davidsuzuki.org/files/Kyoto_72.pdf.

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References to, and short summaries of, numerous other studies at: <www.mng.org.uk/gh/scenarios.htm>.

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4. OTHER INTERNATIONAL LITERATURE

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World Wind Energy Association <www.wwindea.org/home/index.php>
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Cost effectiveness of energy efficiency vis a vis nuclear power: Numerous studies detailing how much more cost effective energy efficiency is as a climate change abatement strategy than nuclear power: see section 8 of the report at:
www.panda.org/downloads/climate_ change/fullnuclearreprotwwf.pdf.
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New Scientist - articles on many energy / clean energy issues:
environment.newscientist.com/channel/earth/energy-fuels
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Wilderness Society, 2006, report on European countries pursuing clean energy solution to climate change c.f. USA , www.wilderness.org.au/nuclear.
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American Solar Energy Society, 2007, Tackling Climate Change in the U.S.: Potential Carbon Emissions Reductions from Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy by 2030 , www.ases.org/climatechange
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Climate Institute, 2006, The Global Clean Energy Boom: A snapshot of recent key market trends, www.climateinstitute.org.au/cia1/downloads/CI%20Global%20Clean%20Energy%20Boom%20report%20Final%206%20Sept06. pdf
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Green Party UK : www.greenenergyworks.org.uk/itworks.htm
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UNSW Electricity Restructuring Group: www.ergo.ee.unsw.edu.au
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REN21 - Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century, Summary of global renewable energy developments:, www.worldwatch.org/taxonomy/term/444
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Worldwatch Institute and the Center for American Progress, 2006, " American Energy: The Renewable Path to Energy Security ", americanenergynow.org or www.worldwatch.org/node/4405.
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Horizon International - Solutions Site: http://www.solutions-site.org/artman/publish
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Rocky Mountains Institute www.rmi.org
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Greenpeace reports
* Windforce 12 www.ewea.org/fileadmin/ewea_documents/documents/publications/reports/wf12-2005.pdf
* Concentrated Solar Thermal Power Now www.greenpeace.org.au/climate/pdfs/Solar_thermal_power.pdf
* Solar Generation www.greenpeace.org.au/climate/pdfs/solar_generation_ii.pdf
* Australian Renewables Fact Sheet www.greenpeace.org.au/climate/pdfs/CER_state_targets.pdf
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Natural Advantage
Sections 4 and 5 of TNEP's publication The Natural Advantage of Nations shows how deep cuts to greenhouse emissions can be achieved without nuclear energy.
www.naturaledgeproject.net/NAON.aspx
Specifically this is covered in these chapters:
Chapter 17: Profitable Greenhouse Solutions with Adjunct Prof Alan Pears
www.naturaledgeproject.net/NAON_ch17.aspx
Chapter 18: Greening the Built Environment with Adjunct Professor Alan Pears and Dr Janis Birkeland
www.naturaledgeproject.net/NAON_ch18.aspx
Chapter 19: Sustainable Urban Transport by Professor Jeff Kenworthy, Robert Murray-Leach and Dr Craig Townsend.
www.naturaledgeproject.net/NAON_ch19.aspx
Chapter 21: Integrated Approaches to Sustainable Consumption and Cleaner Production by Professor Chris Ryan.
www.naturaledgeproject.net/NAON_ch21.aspx
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