Please advise of other useful studies, dead links etc.

jim.green@foe.org.au
0417 318 368

Some other collections of links to sustainable energy literature:

* Clean Energy Council links: http://www.cleanenergycouncil.org.au/cec/policyadvocacy/usefullinks.html

* Environment Sustainability links http://www.ecosustainable.com.au/links.htm

Some energy / renewable energy information portals / directories:

* Alternative Energy www.alternative-energy-news.info

* Energy Planet - Renewable Energy Directory http://www.energyplanet.info

* Energy Bulletin - sustainable energy section http://www.energybulletin.net/taxonomy/term/9?page=1

* International Energy Agency - energy issues by topic http://www.iea.org/subjectqueries/index.asp

* Nova - Science in the News (use the search engine) http://www.science.org.au/nova

Index to this web-page:

1. AUSTRALIAN 'DEEP CUTS' STUDIES
2. OTHER AUSTRALIAN LITERATURE
3. INTERNATIONAL 'DEEP CUTS' STUDIES

4. OTHER INTERNATIONAL LITERATURE

5. USA STUDIES

==========================

1. AUSTRALIAN 'DEEP CUTS' STUDIES

==========================

Clean Energy Future for Australia - national & state studies: wwf.org.au/ourwork/climatechange/cleanenergyfuture
==========================

Pathways to a low carbon future: Reducing Australia’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions by 30 per cent by 2020

Mark Diesendorf, 2007, http://www.greenpeace.org.au/blog/energy/?p=90

or direct download http://www.sustainabilitycentre.com.au/Wedges_final.pdf

alternative direct download:

http://www.greenpeace.org/raw/content/australia/resources/reports/climate-change/paths-to-a-low-carbon-future.pdf

==========================
Economics Report: Climate Leadership an Affordable Investment
http://www.climateinstitute.org.au//index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=130&Itemid=1

The report by policy experts from CSIRO, The Climate Institute, Monash University and McLennan Magasanik Associates examined a range of scenarios to explore the relative costs of Australia free riding and following other industrialised countries in the global efforts to avoid dangerous climate change versus Australia taking a leadership position. This leadership position, illustrated by the country going carbon neutral by 2050. The report shows that if Australia reversed its rising pollution by 2012, reduced emissions by 20% by 2020 and became carbon neutral by 2050 that:
* Australian economic activity is projected to increase from less than $1 trillion now to around $3 trillion by 2050. To 2050, the economy grows at 2.8% annually versus 2.9% annually with no action on climate change (i.e a 0.1% annual reduction in GDP growth).
* Employment increases from 9.7 to 16.7 million jobs by 2050.
* Long term impacts on energy prices and affordability are manageable with average energy consumer bundle (electricity, petrol and gas) falling from 6% of average income today to 4% by 2050. (While electricity, petrol and gas prices increase this is more than offset by increases in real income.)
The report concludes that, “making very substantial reductions in Australia’s net greenhouse emissions is affordable, and compatible with continuing growth in incomes, employment and living standards.”
==========================
Beyond Zero Emissions - scoping document discussing a fast conversion to a near zero emissions stationary energy sector for Victoria.
beyondzeroemissions.org/zero-emission-stationary-energy
==========================
Review of 'deep cuts' studies: chapter 13 in Saddler, Hugh, Richard Denniss and Mark Diesendorf, 2004, "A Clean Energy Future for Australia", Report for the Clean Energy Future Group, wwf.org.au/ourwork/climatechange/cleanenergyfuture.
==========================
Turton Hal, Jinlong Ma, Hugh Saddler and Clive Hamilton, October 2002,

Long-Term Greenhouse Gas Scenarios: A pilot study of how Australia can achieve deep cuts in emissions

Discussion Paper No. 48, The Australia Institute, Canberra.

https://www.tai.org.au/?q=node/9&pubid=69
==========================
The Australian Business Roundtable on Climate Change
www.acfonline.org.au/articles/news.asp?news_id=755
The Australian Business Roundtable on Climate Change has released a report which shows significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions can be achieved at an affordable cost to the Australian economy.
Related Resources:
* BLRT: The Business Case For Early Action report www.acfonline.org.au/uploads/res_BLRT_BusinessCase.pdf
* BLRT: Allen Consulting report www.acfonline.org.au/uploads/res_BLRT_AllensReport.pdf
* BLRT: Factsheet www.acfonline.org.au/uploads/res_BLRT_factsheet.pdf
* BLRT: CEOs’ statements www.acfonline.org.au/uploads/res_BLRT_CEOs_statement.pdf
* BLRT: CSIRO report www.acfonline.org.au/uploads/res_BLRT_CSIROReport.pdf
==========================

WWF-Australia, AGL and Frontier Economics, 2006, Options for Moving to a Lower Emission Future, Australians could pay as little as $250 each to achieve a 40% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from the country's electricity generation industry by 2030.

http://www.wwf.org.au/publications/lower-emission-future

www.wwf.org.au/news/reducing-greenhouse-gas-emissions-is-affordable-and-achievable
==========================

2. OTHER AUSTRALIAN LITERATURE

===========================

Solar thermal electricity as the primary replacement for coal and oil in U.S. generation and transportation

David R. Mills and Robert G. Morgan

http://www.ausra.com/pdfs/ausra_usgridsupply.pdf

Abstract

Advanced solar thermal electric options are dropping in price and some companies are beginning to introduce thermal storage. This paper suggests not only that Solar Thermal Electricity (STE) has sufficient diurnal and seasonal natural correlation with electricity load to supply the great majority of the US national grid (and by logical extension, those of China and India) on an annual basis with only 16 hours of storage. The correlation between the natural output and load exceeds 90% California and Texas, and also on the entire US grid. Furthermore, STE can supply much of the transportation market without destroying these natural correlations. The almost complete elimination of both fossil fueled generation and oil usage for transportation in the USA appears to be technically feasible.

===========================

Australian Parliamentary Library 'Background Note' on renewable energy technologies, covering solar thermal, solar photovoltaic, geothermal, wind, ocean, hydro, bioenergy, and energy storage technologies.
http://www.aph.gov.au/library/pubs/BN/sci/RenewableEnergy.pdf

==========================

Energy Today - good for references to significant energy reports (Aust and international)

http://www.energytoday.com.au

Energy reports:

http://www.energytoday.com.au/publications/recent-energy-publications.php

Renewable energy reports:

http://www.energytoday.com.au/publications/renewable-energy-publications.php

==========================

Climate Action: A campaign manual for greenhouse solutions

Mark Diesendorf

2009, UNSW Press.

Drawing upon case studies of successful grassroots social movements, Climate Action presents a menu of strategies for activists and citizens. It discusses how to:

* Demystify the fallacies created by vested interests, the 'Greenhouse Mafia';

* Explain the potentials of various clean energy technologies;

* Argue for policies that will lead to reductions in emissions; and

* Develop and implement strategies and tactics to change the stances of governments, businesses, trade unions and citizens.

Diesendorf is deputy director of the Institute of Environmental Studies at University of New South Wales. He is the author of 'Greenhouse Solutions with Sustainable Energy' (UNSW Press, 2007), to which the present book is the sequel.

==========================

Paths to a Low-Carbon Future: Reducing Australia’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions by 30 per cent by 2020

Dr Mark Diesendorf

Sustainability Centre

September 2007

http://www.sustainabilitycentre.com.au/Wedges_final.pdf

Abstract: Interim targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are essential to put Australia on track toward the deep emissions cuts required by 2050. This report fi nds that by 2020, emission reductions of greater than 30 per cent below 1990 levels are possible, but only with a wide range of concerted actions in the energy, industry and land-use sectors. If the contributions from energy efficiency in the residential, commercial and industrial sectors are combined into a single category, energy effi ciency emerges as the major source of greenhouse gas reduction to 2020. Renewable electricity with gas cogeneration could provide the largest potential “wedge” of supply-side reduction. Other large potential emission savings could be obtained from halting land clearing and cutting fugitive emissions from fossil fuel production and distribution. Urgent policy development and implementation, by both federal and state governments, is needed to facilitate these and other technologies and measures.

==========================

Greenhouse solutions: breaking down the barriers

Mark Diesendorf, 24 June 2007, Centre for Policy Development

http://cpd.org.au/node/4387

==========================

Reaction time (renewable energy solutions)

Mark Diesendorf, Quarterly Essay, 2007

http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_6751/is_28/ai_n28482140

==========================

A clean energy future for Australia: response to Trainer critique

Mark Diesendorf, CSIRO Sustainability Network, Update 56, 2006

http://www.bml.csiro.au/susnetnl/netwl56E.pdf

==========================

References and links to additional media articles by Mark Diesendorf: http://www.sustainabilitycentre.com.au/popular.html

References and links to additional peer-reviewed articles by Mark Diesendorf: http://www.ies.unsw.edu.au/staff/mark.html

==========================

CSIRO - Renewable Energy

www.sciro.au/sciro/channel/ich2j,,.html

Australian Academy of Science - 2009 renewable energy lecture series:

www.science.org.au/events/publiclectures/re/index.htm

==========================

Research Institute for Sustainable Energy (Murdoch Uni) information portal www.rise.org.au/info

==========================

ANZ Solar Energy Society www.anzses.org
==========================

Clean Energy Council  www.cleanenergycouncil.org.au

The Council has useful info + reports but appears to be becoming bigger and browner - see for example Paddy Manning's article:

http://www.businessday.com.au/business/the-fox-in-the-hot-house-20090814-el4k.html?page=-1

==========================
Renewable Energy Atlas of Australia

http://www.environment.gov.au/settlements/renewable/atlas The interactive Renewable Energy Atlas provides information on Australia's renewable energy resources. The atlas profiles wind, solar, geothermal, ocean energy and bioenergy resources. There is also contextual data such as power plants, transmission lines, roads, land tenure and climate information.

==========================

Growing the Green Collar Economy identifies the employment impact of action to cut greenhouse gas emissions in Australia and examines the skills, training and workforce implications. The CSIRO analysis is based on the latest economic modelling and is released by ACF and the Dusseldorp Skills Forum (DSF). Using two different economic models, CSIRO found:

• If Australia takes significant action to cut greenhouse gas emissions national employment will still increase by between 2.6 and 3.3 million over the next two decades.

• Jobs in sectors that generate a lot of greenhouse pollution – like transport, construction, agriculture, manufacturing and mining – are still forecast to grow strongly in the next decade.

• In these high environmental impact industries 3.25 million workers will need to be equipped with new, more sustainable skills.

www.acfonline.org.au/articles/news.asp?news_id=1796&preview=yes#related_resources

==========================

Green Gold Rush: How ambitious environmental policy can make Australia a leader in the race for green jobs

October 2008

Australian Conservation Foundation and the ACTU

http://www.acfonline.org.au/uploads/res/Green_Gold_Rush_final.pdf

The report identifies six ‘green collar’ industries with great potential for growth and development: renewable energy, energy efficiency, sustainable water systems, biomaterials, green buildings, and waste and recycling. Australia could generate up to 850,000 green collar jobs by 2030 and multi-billion dollar export opportunities, according to the report by the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU) and Australian Conservation Foundation (ACF).

Download from: Green Gold Rush (pdf 6.5 MB)

==========================

Wind Farms: The facts and the fallacies,  Andrew Macintosh  and  Christian Downie, Australia Institute, Discussion Paper Number 91, October 2006,

www.tai.org.au/documents/downloads/DP91.pdf
==========================
Future Energy - debunking arguments against wind energy http://futureenergy.org/infowindblmy.html

==========================

Wind power can substitute for base-load coal, Mark Diesendorf, Online Opinion, 6 February 2008

http://www.onlineopinion.com.au/view.asp?article=6958

==========================

Hung out to dry: Federal neglect of renewable energy research and development in Australia

A report by Greenpeace Australia Pacific, September 2007
www.greenpeace.org/australia/resources/reports/climate-change/hung-out-to-dry-federal-negle or direct download:        www.greenpeace.org/raw/content/australia/resources/reports/climate-change/hung-out-to-dry-federal-negle.pdf
==========================
Alternative Technology Association www.ata.org.au
==========================
ANZ Solar Energy Society www.anzses.org
==========================
Centre for Energy and Environmental Markets , www.ceem.unsw.edu.au

See esp. Publications: www.ceem.unsw.edu.au/content/Pubs.cfm?ss=1
==========================
Energy Strategies (Dr. Hugh Saddler et al.) www.enerstrat.com.au
==========================
Ministerial Council on Energy (Australia)

http://www.ret.gov.au/Documents/mce/default.html

==========================

Ministerial Council on Energy - National Framework for Energy Efficiency

http://www.ret.gov.au/Documents/mce/energy-eff/nfee/default.html

==========================

Climate Action Network of Australia, n.d., "Australia's Climate Change Strategy: The Real Way Forward",

http://www.cana.net.au/sites/default/files/real_way_forward.pdf

==========================

ACF renewable energy factsheets
www.acfonline.org.au/default.asp?section_id=36
Renewable Energy – An Overview www.acfonline.org.au/uploads/res_Renewable.pdf
Renewable Energy: Bioenergy www.acfonline.org.au/uploads/res_Bioenergy.pdf
Renewable Energy: Solar Electricity www.acfonline.org.au/uploads/res_Photovoltaics.pdf
Renewable Energy: Wind Power www.acfonline.org.au/uploads/res_Wind.pdf
==========================
Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions Without Nuclear Power, chapter 6 in Nuclear Power: No Solution to Climate Change:

http://www.foe.org.au/anti-nuclear/issues/nfc/nuclear-climate/NukesNoSolutionFull.pdf/view
==========================
Environment Business Australia www.environmentbusiness.com.au

(Mostly promoting renewables and energy efficiency/conservation and a whole raft of climate change abatement technologies/policies beyond the electricity sector. Also promoting nuclear power on a 'fuel leasing' basis, a critique of which is posted at

http://www.foe.org.au/anti-nuclear/issues/nfc/FS13%20Nuclear%20Fuel%20Cycles.pdf/view

==========================

Energy in Australia 2009

http://www.abare.gov.au/publications_html/energy/energy_09/auEnergy09.pdf

April 2009

ABARE

This report covers all aspects of energy production and use, from natural resources through to final consumption, including energy research, energy efficiency, the development of renewable energy, low emission technologies, and alternative fuels. Download from: Energy in Australia 2009 (pdf 1.5 MB)

==========================

High Temperature Solar Thermal: Technology Roadmap

December 2008

New South Wales and Victorian Governments

http://www.coag.gov.au/reports/docs/HTSolar_thermal_roadmap.pdf

This report, prepared by consultants Wyld Group and MMA, examines the status of high temperature solar thermal technology (HTST) and its possible future in Australia. The report concludes it is unlikely that HTST will benefit significantly through to 2020 from the Australian government’s expanded Mandatory Renewable Energy Target. An expansion of HTST will require a policy regime in Australia that will promote industry investment in local deployment of commercial HTST technologies and associated supply-chain infrastructure/capability; large-scale demonstration of less-mature HTST technologies; and ongoing R&D of next-generation HTST technologies at the system and key sub-system/component levels to reduce cost and expand market options.

Download from: High Temperature Solar Thermal (pdf 1.86 MB)

==========================

UNSW Electricity Restructuring Group: www.ergo.ee.unsw.edu.au
==========================
Naughten B., P. Pakravan , J. Dlugosz J., and A. Dickson, 1994, "Reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from the Australian energy system: a report on modelling experiments using ABARE's MENSA model", Canberra: ABARE.
==========================

3. INTERNATIONAL 'DEEP CUTS' STUDIES

==========================

Useful collection of links to and brief summaries of many studies:

http://www.mng.org.uk/gh/scenarios.htm

==========================

WWF, 2007, "Climate Solutions: WWF’s vision for 2050"
Climate Solutions is the report of WWF’s Energy Taskforce which was set up in December 2005. More than 100 scientists and experts contributed their knowledge. The findings showed, with a high degree of probability (i.e. greater than 90 per cent), that known energy sources and proven technologies could be harnessed between now and 2050 to meet a projected doubling in global demand for energy while at the same time achieving the necessary significant drop (about 60-80 per cent) in carbon dioxide emissions to prevent dangerous climate change. The report identifies six key solutions to the problem of meeting global energy demand without damaging the global climate: Improving energy efficiency; Stopping forest loss; Accelerating the development of low-emissions technologies; Developing flexible fuels; Replacing high-carbon coal with low-carbon gas; Equipping fossil-fuel plants with carbon capture and storage technology.
To download the report: http://assets.panda.org/downloads/climatesolutionweb.pdf

==========================

European Renewable Energy Council (EREC) and Greenpeace International, January 2007, "Energy [R]evolution: A sustainable World Energy Outlook" , www.energyblueprint.info

The energy [r]evolution is an independently-produced, Greenpeace-commissioned report that provides a blueprint for halving global greenhouse emissions by 2050. It includes 10 regional studies and a series of national studies inc. Australia, China, India, Japan, USA, etc.  The report was developed in conjunction with specialists from the Institute of Technical Thermodynamics at the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) and more than 30 scientists and engineers from universities, institutes and the renewable energy industry around the world.
==========================

Futu[r]e Investment
July 2007
www.greenpeace.org/international/press/reports/future-investment
By shifting global investments to renewable energy (including solar, wind, hydro, geothermal and bio energy), within the next 23 years, and away from dirty and dangerous coal and nuclear power, we can save a massive US$180 billion a year. So we face a simple but crucial choice: we can either invest in over 10,000 new polluting coal and gas power plants, which would double fuel costs and increase C02 emissions by more than 50 percent. Or we can choose a safe renewable energy future, producing 70 percent of the world’s electricity from our planet’s natural resources.  By doing this we would not only save money but also cut CO2 emissions from the electricity sector in half by 2030.
==========================

Bailie, Alison, Stephen Bernow, William Dougherty, Michael Lazarus and Sivan Kartha, July 2001, "The American Way to the Kyoto Protocol: An Economic Analysis to Reduce Carbon Pollution", report by Tellus Institute and Stockholm Environment Institute – Boston Center, for World Wildlife Fund, www.panda.org/downloads/climate_change/usreport.doc.
==========================

Friends of the Earth (UK), September 2002, "Tackling climate change without nuclear power: A report detailing how climate targets in the power sector can be met without replacing existing nuclear capacity", www.foe.co.uk/campaigns/climate/resource/general_readers.html#nuclear_power.
==========================
Hansen, J., M. Sato, R. Ruedy, A. Lacis and V. Oinas., 2000, "Global warming in the twenty-first century: An alternative scenario", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 97, pp.9875–9880.
==========================

Shows how Europe can cut domestic emissions by 40% in 2020, and by 90% in 2050, compared to 1990 levels. Dr Charles Heaps of Stockholm Environment Institute, lead author of the report, said: “Our analysis shows that deep cuts in emissions can be achieved in Europe at reasonable cost between now and 2050, even with rather conservative assumptions about technological improvement. The scale and speed of changes required may seem daunting, and indeed it will require a mobilisation of Europe’s economies, but the potential costs of inaction are so large that doing nothing presents a far more implausible and dangerous future pathway for Europe.”

Full report: <http://www.sei-international.org/climateshareeurope>

Link to summary, media release etc:

<http://www.foeeurope.org/press/2009/Dec01_New_study_shows_40_emission_cuts_possible.html>

==========================

Harmelink, M., W. Graus, K. Blok, and M. Voogt, 2003, "Low Carbon Electricity Systems: Methodology & Results for the EU", report by Ecofys for World Wide Fund for Nature.
==========================
Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution (UK), 2000, "Energy – The Changing Climate", www.rcep.org.uk
==========================
Torrie, Ralph, Richard Parfett and Paul Steenhof, October 2002, "Kyoto and Beyond: The low-emission path to innovation and efficiency", prepared by Torrie Smith Associates for the David Suzuki Foundation and the Canadian Climate Action Network Canada. www.davidsuzuki.org/publications/climate_change_reports or to download directly: www.davidsuzuki.org/files/Kyoto_72.pdf.

==========================

4. OTHER INTERNATIONAL LITERATURE

==========================

International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) www.irena.org

==========================
Renewable Energy World http://www.renewableenergyworld.com

==========================
World Wind Energy Association www.wwindea.org/home/index.php
==========================

Guardian renewable energy article collection:

www.guardian.co.uk/environment/renewableenergy

==========================
Cost effectiveness of energy efficiency c.f. nuclear power: Numerous studies detailing how much more cost effective energy efficiency is as a climate change abatement strategy than nuclear power: see section 8 of the report at:
www.panda.org/downloads/climate_ change/fullnuclearreprotwwf.pdf
==========================
New Scientist - articles on many energy / clean energy issues:
www.newscientist.com/topic/energy-fuels
==========================
Wilderness Society, 2006, report on European countries pursuing clean energy solution to climate change c.f. USA , www.wilderness.org.au/nuclear
==========================
Green Party UK: www.greenenergyworks.org.uk/itworks.htm
==========================
REN21 - Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century, Summary of global renewable energy developments:, www.worldwatch.org/taxonomy/term/444
==========================
Worldwatch Institute and the Center for American Progress, 2006, "American Energy: The Renewable Path to Energy Security

==========================

Horizon International - Solutions Site: <http://www.solutions-site.org/artman/publish>
==========================
Rocky Mountains Institute www.rmi.org
==========================
Greenpeace reports
* Windforce 12 www.ewea.org/fileadmin/ewea_documents/documents/publications/reports/wf12-2005.pdf
==========================
Natural Advantage
Sections 4 and 5 of TNEP's publication The Natural Advantage of Nations shows how deep cuts to greenhouse emissions can be achieved without nuclear energy.
www.naturaledgeproject.net/NAON.aspx
Specifically this is covered in these chapters:
Chapter 17: Profitable Greenhouse Solutions with Adjunct Prof Alan Pears
www.naturaledgeproject.net/NAON_ch17.aspx
Chapter 18: Greening the Built Environment with Adjunct Professor Alan Pears and Dr Janis Birkeland
www.naturaledgeproject.net/NAON_ch18.aspx
Chapter 19: Sustainable Urban Transport by Professor Jeff Kenworthy, Robert Murray-Leach and Dr Craig Townsend.
www.naturaledgeproject.net/NAON_ch19.aspx
Chapter 21: Integrated Approaches to Sustainable Consumption and Cleaner Production by Professor Chris Ryan.
www.naturaledgeproject.net/NAON_ch21.aspx
==========================

Green Jobs: Towards decent work in a sustainable, low-carbon world

October 2008

United Nations Environment Programme

http://www.unep.org/labour_environment/PDFs/Greenjobs/UNEP-Green-Jobs-Report.pdf

How many green jobs have already been created in the early stages of the transformation to a green economy? What kind of jobs are they? and what are the obstacles to be overcome on the road to a more sustainable future?

==========================

5. USA STUDIES

==========================

Arjun Makhijani, Carbon Free and Nuclear Free: A Roadmap for US Energy Policy,

www.ieer.org/carbonfree or www.carbonfreenuclearfree.org or direct download www.carbonfreenuclearfree.org/files/images/CarbonFreeNuclearFree.pdf

A joint project of the Nuclear Policy Research Institute and the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research
==========================

(Updated report, based on the above roadmap.)

Arjun Makhijani, The Technical and Economic Feasibility of a Carbon-Free and Nuclear-Free Energy System in the United States, March 2009,

www.downtheyellowcakeroad.org/icws309w2/index.cfm?ID=96C8E1AE-AB14-404C-ABB018DB487A1150

or direct downoad

www.downtheyellowcakeroad.org/userfiles/file//Renewable_electric_system-Makhijani2009.pdf
==========================

WWF, 2003, "The Path to Carbon Dioxide-Free Power: Switching to Clean Energy in the Utility Sector", a study by Tellus Institute and Center for Energy and Climate Solutions for World Wildlife Fund, USA, www.worldwildlife.org/climate/Publications/WWFBinaryitem4924.pdf

==========================
Interlaboratory Working Group on Energy-Efficient and Clean-Energy Technologies (USA), November 2000, "Scenarios for a Clean Energy Future" , Prepared for Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy, www.ornl.gov/sci/eere/cef
==========================

Mintzer, Irving, J. Amber Leonard, Peter Schwartz, July 2003, "U.S. Energy Scenarios for the 21st Century" , prepared for the Pew Center on Global Climate Change,

http://www.pewclimate.org/global-warming-in-depth/all_reports/energy_scenarios

Union of Concerned Scientists, 2009, Climate 2030: A National Blueprint for a Clean Energy Economy

http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/solutions/big_picture_solutions/climate-2030-blueprint.html

or direct download:

http://ww.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/global_warming/climate-2030-report.pdf

Under the Blueprint, the electricity sector makes the biggest contribution to reducing U.S. global warming emissions, providing 57 percent of all cuts in 2030, compared with the Reference case. Carbon emissions from power plants are 41 percent below 2005 levels by 2020, and 84 percent below 2005 levels by 2030. Most of the cuts in emissions in the electricity sector occur from replacing coal plants with efficiency, combined heat and power, and renewable energy under the Blueprint. By 2030, energy efficiency measures—such as advanced buildings and industrial processes, and high-efficiency appliances, lighting, and motors—reduce demand for electricity 35 percent below the Reference case. CHP based on natural gas in the industrial and commercial sectors is nearly 3.5 times higher than today's levels, providing 16 percent of U.S. electricity by 2030. Largely because of the national renewable electricity standard, wind, solar, geothermal, and bioenergy provide 40% of the nation’s electricity use by 2030, after accounting for the drop in demand stemming from energy efficiency and CHP.

==========================

American Solar Energy Society, 2007, Tackling Climate Change in the U.S.: Potential Carbon Emissions Reductions from Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy by 2030 , www.ases.org/climatechange
==========================